{"id":10912,"date":"2023-03-03T10:37:39","date_gmt":"2023-03-03T09:37:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bktkancelaria.pl\/?p=10912"},"modified":"2023-04-10T08:56:44","modified_gmt":"2023-04-10T06:56:44","slug":"konwencja-cmr-wytyczne-ktore-powinien-znac-kazdy-przewoznik","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bktkancelaria.pl\/en\/cmr-convention-guidelines-every-transport-operator-should-know\/","title":{"rendered":"CMR Convention - Guidelines that every haulier should know"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Clients of our law firm who run companies that thrive in the transport industry are often alerted to the provisions that the\u00a0<strong>CMR Convention.<\/strong>\u00a0In a nutshell, it regulates the international carriage of goods by road. This act imposes numerous obligations on carriers and shapes their responsibilities.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Below we explain, among other things:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Is every carrier subject to its provisions?<\/li>\n<li>What is the liability of carriers in certain situations?<\/li>\n<li>When are they obliged to pay compensation?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>The CMR Convention and its application - is every carrier subject to it?\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The provisions of the Convention apply to contracts for the carriage of goods by road in vehicles for reward. P<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Vehicles are understood to include cars, articulated vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">The carriage of goods is subject to the provisions of the Convention when the place where the consignment is accepted for carriage and the place designated for delivery are in two different countries, at least one of which has acceded to the CMR Convention.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">The residence or nationality of the party is irrelevant. What is relevant is the element of transport of goods from the territory of one state to that of another. Most European countries have acceded to the Convention, including:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">Poland,<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">Germany,<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">France,<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">Sweden,<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">Norway,<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">The Netherlands,<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">Switzerland or<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">Italy.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Therefore, if you are a Polish entrepreneur and are active in the international transport sector, you should read the rest of this article.\u00a0<strong>the provisions of the CMR Convention apply to you<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><strong>Carrier's liability for drivers' actions\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Under Article 3 of the CMR Convention, a carrier shall be liable for the acts and omissions of his servants and other persons whose services he makes use of for the carriage of goods as for his own acts and omissions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>What does this mean in practice?<\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">The fact that a carrier uses employees or service providers to carry out orders does not exclude its liability - as long as these persons act in the exercise of their functions.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Carrier's liability for entrusted goods\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">As a general rule, the carrier has a fairly broad liability for the goods entrusted to him. This is because he is liable for its total or partial loss as well as for damage occurring between the acceptance of the goods and their delivery.\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">The carrier is also liable for late delivery. Neither defects in the vehicle nor the fault of the person or employees of the person from whom the vehicle has been hired shall exempt him from liability.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">By contrast, the carrier will be relieved of liability if the loss of or damage to the goods occurs as a result of a special danger. The causes of special peril that relieve liability are numerous and are clearly indicated in the provisions of the Convention.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Circumstances exempting the carrier from liability for the goods entrusted\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>The following are examples of the most common situations in the transport industry whereby the carrier is relieved of its responsibility for the entrusted goods.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">Use of a vehicle that is open and not secured with a tarpaulin, resulting in a particular hazard - the carrier will not be liable if the use of this type of vehicle has been\u00a0<strong>expressly agreed in advance and noted on the consignment note<\/strong>;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">Failure to pack goods adequately - the carrier will be free from liability if the goods entrusted\u00a0<strong>have no packaging due to their natural characteristics<\/strong>The result is that they can become lost or damaged;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">Consequences of the properties of the goods - the carrier will not be liable for the consequences of the properties of the goods which may cause them to break, rust, spontaneous spoilage, dryness, leakage, reduction or the action of pests;<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Danger arising from the transport of live animals also exempts the carrier from liability.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">In addition, the CMR Convention mentions two more factors exempting the carrier from liability:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">inadequate or defective marking of the marks or numbers on the individual items of the consignment, and<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">the handling, loading, stowing or unloading of goods by the consignor or the consignee or by persons acting for their account.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>What if the loss or damage to the goods was caused by both factors for which the carrier is responsible and factors for which he is not?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Then his\u00a0<strong>liability shall be limited<\/strong>\u00a0in relation to the latter, only to the extent that they contributed to the damage. However, it is for the carrier itself to prove that the loss or damage to the goods or the delay in delivery was caused by reasons for which the carrier is not responsible.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Entrusting dangerous goods to a carrier - what does the CMR Convention say about this?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">The shipper entrusting hazardous materials for transport is primarily responsible for\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">obligations of an informative nature. In particular, the shipper in relation to the carrier should:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">inform you of the type of danger associated with the goods in question,<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">indicate what precautions should be taken.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">If the shipper fails to inform the carrier of this in the consignment note, the onus will be on the shipper or consignee to prove that the carrier knew of the dangerous nature of the goods. In this respect, the Convention protects the carrier by indicating that if the carrier had no prior knowledge of the dangerous nature of the goods being transported, the carrier is entitled to:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">discharges,<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">damage or<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">disposal<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">dangerous goods anywhere, anytime ...<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">...and all this without having to pay compensation. What is more, the shipper is liable for all damages and costs arising from entrusting the transport of dangerous goods without complying with the information obligations.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><strong>Obligation of the carrier to pay compensation\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Finally, it is worth mentioning the principles under which the carrier will be forced to pay compensation.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>What if there is a total or partial loss of goods?<\/h4>\n<p>In such a situation, the carrier is obliged to pay compensation, the amount of which is calculated as follows\u00a0<span data-contrast=\"none\">based on the value of the goods at the place and time of their acceptance for carriage. The specific value of the goods, on the other hand, is determined according to the exchange price or the current market price. It is also permissible to determine it on the basis of the usual value of goods of the same type and quality.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>Attention!<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">The compensation to be paid by the carrier shall not exceed 8.33 settlement units per kilogram of gross weight of the missing goods.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Goods completely missing\u00a0<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>When there is a total loss of goods, the carrier is obliged to return the goods:\u00a0<span data-contrast=\"none\">freight, customs duties and compensation for other expenses related to the carriage of the goods.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Goods partially missing<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">In the event of partial loss of goods, these costs will be subject to pro rata compensation.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Other problems with the goods during transport<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">The carrier will not be obliged to pay any other type of compensation or reimburse any other type of expenses.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">If the delivery is delayed and the right holder proves that he has suffered damage as a result, the carrier will have to pay compensation, but in an amount that does not exceed the carrier's fee.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Increased compensation will only be claimed from the conductor if either the value of the goods transported is declared in advance or a special interest in the delivery of the goods is demonstrated.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><strong>CMR Convention - guidelines every haulier should know. Summary\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">The above regulations arising from the CMR Convention are only a substitute for the obligations imposed on carriers by national and European legislators. These obligations generate on their part the need to fulfil numerous procedures. They also require a good knowledge of legal regulations and the ability to apply them in practice.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Haulier! Do you feel lost in the maze of transport law regulations and do not know how to deal with complying with all the requirements? Call or write to our law firm! We will be happy to talk and support you in running your business!<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Read also:\u00a0<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/oldbkt.srv49443.seohost.com.pl\/istotne-zmiany-w-prawie-dla-przedsiebiorcow\/\">Significant changes in the law that await entrepreneurs in 2023!<\/a><\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Klientom naszej Kancelarii prowadz\u0105cym firmy pr\u0119\u017cnie dzia\u0142aj\u0105ce w bran\u017cy transportowej cz\u0119sto zwracamy uwag\u0119 na postanowienia, kt\u00f3re w ich stron\u0119 kieruje\u00a0Konwencja CMR.\u00a0W du\u017cym skr\u00f3cie \u2013 reguluje ona kwestie zwi\u0105zane z mi\u0119dzynarodowym przewozem drogowym towar\u00f3w. Akt ten nak\u0142ada na przewo\u017anik\u00f3w liczne obowi\u0105zki i kszta\u0142tuje zakres ich odpowiedzialno\u015bci.\u00a0 Poni\u017cej wyja\u015bniamy m.in.: Czy ka\u017cdy przewo\u017anik podlega jej postanowieniom? Jak [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11074,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[94,91],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[237],"class_list":["post-10912","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-odpowiedzialnosc-przedsiebiorcow","category-prawo-dla-przedsiebiorcow"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Konwencja CMR \u2013 wytyczne, kt\u00f3re powinien zna\u0107 ka\u017cdy przewo\u017anik<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Czy Konwencja CMR to najwa\u017cniejszy akt WSZYSTKICH przewo\u017anik\u00f3w mi\u0119dzynarodowych? Jakie obowi\u0105zki i przywileje na nich nak\u0142ada? 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