{"id":16540,"date":"2025-07-21T17:53:47","date_gmt":"2025-07-21T15:53:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bktkancelaria.pl\/?p=16540"},"modified":"2025-07-09T18:00:44","modified_gmt":"2025-07-09T16:00:44","slug":"europejski-tytul-egzekucyjny-ete","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bktkancelaria.pl\/en\/european-enforcement-order-ete\/","title":{"rendered":"European Enforcement Order (EEO): Effective debt recovery in the EU without unnecessary formalities"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><span class=\"selected\">European Enforcement Order (EEO)<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"selected\"> is a key tool in cross-border <\/span><strong><span class=\"selected\">debt recovery in the European Union<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"selected\">. It enables creditors to recover debts quickly and efficiently from debtors residing in another Member State, eliminating the need for complicated and time-consuming court procedures. With the EEO, a judgment, court settlement or authentic instrument issued in one EU country becomes enforceable in another, without the need for an additional declaration of enforceability. This is a significant simplification in <\/span><strong><span class=\"selected\">cross-border enforcement<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"selected\"> uncontested claims.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"selected\">In this article we will explain what is <\/span><strong><span class=\"selected\">European Enforcement Order<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"selected\">, in respect of which judgments it can be obtained, which claims are considered uncontested and what steps must be taken to use it effectively to <\/span><strong><span class=\"selected\">recovery of debts from the EU<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"selected\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"selected\">What is the European Enforcement Order (EEO) and what is it used for?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong><span class=\"selected\">European Enforcement Order (EEO)<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"selected\"> is a certificate which may accompany a judicial decision, a court settlement or an authentic instrument. Its main purpose is to ensure the free movement of such a document within the European Union. The EEO is necessary for the enforcement in a Member State of a judgment, court settlement or authentic instrument drawn up in another Member State, in respect of <\/span><strong><span class=\"selected\">uncontested claim<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"selected\">. It ensures that a creditor does not have to go through additional procedures to declare an act enforceable in another Member State, which significantly speeds up the <\/span><strong><span class=\"selected\">debt enforcement<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"selected\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span class=\"selected\">European Enforcement Order<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"selected\"> is similar in this respect to the European order for payment, which also simplifies the <\/span><strong><span class=\"selected\">recovery of debts from EU counterparties<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"selected\">. For more on this topic, see our article: <\/span><a title=\"null\" href=\"https:\/\/bktkancelaria.pl\/en\/recovery-of-debts-from-eu-counterparties-part-2\/\"><span class=\"selected\">Recovery of debts from EU counterparties (part 2)<\/span><\/a><span class=\"selected\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"selected\">For which judgements can an ETE be obtained?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong><span class=\"selected\">European Enforcement Order<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"selected\"> may be obtained in respect of judgments in which the subject matter of the dispute is <\/span><strong><span class=\"selected\">a claim for payment of a specific sum of money<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"selected\">which has become due. In the case of Poland (as well as most other European countries), such a judgment must have been issued after 21 January 2005. The exceptions to this rule are Bulgaria and Romania, where such a ruling must have a date later than 1 January 2007.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"selected\">For the purposes of EU rules, it is not only Polish or European documents called 'judgments' that are considered to be judgments. For the purposes of <\/span><strong><span class=\"selected\">ETE<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"selected\"> is also considered to be a judgment:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"selected\">judgment<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"selected\">injunction<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"selected\">provision<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"selected\">enforcement order<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"selected\">determination of costs or expenses by the court clerk.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"selected\">The requirement is that it must have been issued by a court in any Member State except Denmark. Such a judgment, in order to be a basis for obtaining a <\/span><strong><span class=\"selected\">ETE<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"selected\">must concern <\/span><strong><span class=\"selected\">an uncontested pecuniary claim<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"selected\"> in a civil or commercial matter. It may also concern <\/span><strong><span class=\"selected\">maintenance obligations<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"selected\">which makes <\/span><strong><span class=\"selected\">European Enforcement Order<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"selected\"> a versatile tool in <\/span><strong><span class=\"selected\">cross-border debt recovery<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"selected\">. It is worth noting that <\/span><strong><span class=\"selected\">European Enforcement Order<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"selected\"> does not have to refer to the entire judgment. If only parts of it meet the requirements for its issue, the title may be issued only in respect of those parts.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"selected\">An uncontested claim - or what kind of claim? Definition and examples<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"selected\">To <\/span><strong><span class=\"selected\">undisputed claims<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"selected\"> are deemed to be those about which the debtor has no objection. This may be the case in several instances, which is key to the applicability of the <\/span><strong><span class=\"selected\">European Enforcement Order<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"selected\">:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span class=\"selected\">Explicit acknowledgement of the claim:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"selected\"> The debtor has expressly agreed to the claim by acknowledging it.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span class=\"selected\">No objection during the proceedings:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"selected\"> In progress <\/span><strong><span class=\"selected\">court proceedings<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"selected\"> the debtor has never objected to the claim in accordance with the relevant procedural requirements under the law of the Member State of origin. It is important to note that if the debtor has never lodged an objection, the court must examine whether the debtor's silence or inaction can be regarded as a tacit recognition of the claim under the law of the Member State of issue - this may vary from country to country.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span class=\"selected\">Failure to appear after initial challenge:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"selected\"> The debtor failed to appear or be represented at the court hearing of this claim, after initially contesting the claim during the course of the <\/span><strong><span class=\"selected\">court proceedings<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"selected\">. It is a condition that, under the law of the Member State of issue, such conduct shall be treated as tacit acknowledgement of the claim or admission of the facts presented by the creditor.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"selected\">Information required to initiate an EEO procedure<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"selected\">Before applying for <\/span><strong><span class=\"selected\">European Enforcement Order<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"selected\"> first initiate <\/span><strong><span class=\"selected\">litigation<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"selected\"> in any EU country (other than Denmark) with the debtor on one side. In order to initiate <\/span><strong><span class=\"selected\">proceedings on the merits<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"selected\">, an appropriate document must be filed with the court. Regardless of which country it is filed in, it must meet the minimum requirements, i.e. it must contain:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"selected\">Names and addresses of parties;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"selected\">The amount of the claim;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"selected\">If interest on the claim is demanded, the rate of interest and the period for which interest is demanded, unless statutory interest is added automatically to the principal in accordance with the law of the Member State in which the judgment was given;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"selected\">Identification of the basis of the claim.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"selected\">When lodging such a document, the debtor must be informed of the steps he or she must take to contest the claim. Such information can already be included in the document initiating the proceedings, but can only be served in the summons for the court hearing. Such information is:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"selected\">Procedural requirements to contest a claim, including the time limit within which a claim can be contested in writing or the date of the court hearing (as the case may be);<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"selected\">The name and address of the institution to which the reply is addressed or before which it must appear (as the case may be);<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"selected\">Indication of whether or not there is compulsion of counsel;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"selected\">Consequences of failure to object or to appear, in particular, as the case may be, the possibility of a judgment or its enforcement against the debtor and the liability for the costs of the <\/span><strong><span class=\"selected\">legal proceedings<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"selected\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"selected\">Irrespective of whether or not they will contain information regarding the contestation of the claim, the debtor must be served with the document instituting the proceedings and the summons to the hearing.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"selected\">How to apply for a European Enforcement Order (EEO)?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"selected\">Application for <\/span><strong><span class=\"selected\">European Enforcement Order<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"selected\"> must be addressed to the competent authority in the Member State of origin. This will normally be the court hearing the case on the merits. The application can be made at any time - either at the initiation of the proceedings or later. This flexibility facilitates <\/span><strong><span class=\"selected\">recovery of debts from the EU<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"selected\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"selected\">What if there is a refusal to issue an ETE?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"selected\">Sometimes, despite meeting most of the requirements, it may be possible to refuse to issue a <\/span><strong><span class=\"selected\">European Enforcement Order<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"selected\">. In such situations, however, the creditor has options.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"selected\">When minimum standards for service have not been met<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span class=\"selected\">If the court has refused to issue <\/span><strong><span class=\"selected\">ETE<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"selected\"> by reason of the lack of service on the debtor of the document instituting the proceedings or of the summons to a court hearing, this non-compliance can be remedied. The creditor may file a new application for <\/span><strong><span class=\"selected\">European Enforcement Order<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"selected\">, if:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"selected\">The judgment will be served on the debtor in accordance with the requirements of Article 13 or 14 and<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"selected\">The debtor shall have the opportunity to challenge the decision by means of a full judicial review and shall have been duly informed in or with the decision of the procedural requirements for such a challenge, including the name and address of the institution with which the challenge must be lodged and, as appropriate, the time limit for doing so; and<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"selected\">The debtor did not challenge the judgment in accordance with the relevant procedural requirements.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"selected\">In such circumstances, the court may issue a certificate <\/span><strong><span class=\"selected\">European Enforcement Order<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"selected\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"selected\">If the European Enforcement Order was not issued for other reasons<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span class=\"selected\">The creditor has two options if <\/span><strong><span class=\"selected\">European Enforcement Order<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"selected\"> was not issued for other reasons:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"selected\">Appeal against the refusal to issue <\/span><strong><span class=\"selected\">European Enforcement Order<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"selected\">where this possibility is provided for in national law;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"selected\">Enforce the judgment in another Member State in accordance with the exequatur procedure laid down by Regulation No 44\/2001 (<\/span><a title=\"null\" href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/PL\/TXT\/PDF\/?uri=CELEX:02001R0044-20150109\"><span class=\"selected\">Link to regulation<\/span><\/a><span class=\"selected\">).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"selected\">If the European Enforcement Order contains an error<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span class=\"selected\">If, between the judgment and the certificate <\/span><strong><span class=\"selected\">ETE<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"selected\"> there is a difference due to a material error, the creditor may request the court issuing the certificate to rectify it.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"selected\">What can a debtor do in response to a European Enforcement Order (EEO)?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"selected\">The debtor on whom the <\/span><strong><span class=\"selected\">European Enforcement Order<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"selected\">, also has some scope for action, both in the ETE issuing state and in the executing state.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"selected\">In the country issuing the ETE<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span class=\"selected\">The debtor may, like the creditor, ask the court issuing the certificate to correct a material error that appears on it. If <\/span><strong><span class=\"selected\">ETE<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"selected\"> it was clearly wrongly issued - e.g. where the debtor is not really a debtor, or where there is a dispute - the person to whom the title was addressed may ask the issuing court to revoke it <\/span><strong><span class=\"selected\">European Enforcement Order<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"selected\">. If it does, there are no specific EU-wide rules relating to this procedure - each country will therefore use its own national law.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"selected\">If a judgment is no longer (suspended or limited) enforceable under the law of the Member State in which it was given, the debtor may apply to the court that gave the judgment for a certificate of non-enforceability or limitation of enforceability. The debtor may also appeal against the decision on which the judgment was based <\/span><strong><span class=\"selected\">ETE<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"selected\">. In such a case, only if it turns out that this appeal was unsuccessful can the creditor obtain a new certificate <\/span><strong><span class=\"selected\">ETE<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"selected\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"selected\">In the country implementing the ETE<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span class=\"selected\">The debtor may seek refusal to enforce a judgment if the judgment certified <\/span><strong><span class=\"selected\">European Enforcement Order<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"selected\"> irreconcilable with an earlier judgment given in any Member State or in a third country, provided that:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"selected\">The earlier ruling was made in relation to the same subject matter and involved the same parties;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"selected\">The earlier decision was made in the Member State of enforcement or fulfils the conditions necessary for its recognition in the Member State of enforcement;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"selected\">The irreconcilability of the judgments was not and could not be raised in the <\/span><strong><span class=\"selected\">court proceedings<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"selected\"> in the Member State of issue.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"selected\">The debtor may also seek a suspension or limitation of the enforcement of the judgment if he or she has challenged the certificate on the basis of which the judgment was issued <\/span><strong><span class=\"selected\">ETE<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"selected\">or if he has requested the rectification or withdrawal of a <\/span><strong><span class=\"selected\">ETE<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"selected\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"selected\">Summary: The European Enforcement Order - a simple way to recover debts in the EU<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong><span class=\"selected\">European Enforcement Order<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"selected\"> can be a very simple and effective way to <\/span><strong><span class=\"selected\">recovery of debts in European Union countries<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"selected\">. It is a tool that, without additional court procedures and formalities, can lead to a <\/span><strong><span class=\"selected\">recovery of debts<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"selected\"> (including maintenance) in cases where the debtor is abroad. In addition to the requirements as to the nature of the case (there must be a cross-border element and the case must be o <\/span><strong><span class=\"selected\">undisputed claim<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"selected\">) it has no particular requirements in terms of additional documentation. By the way, it allows you to take advantage of the possibility of making corrections when it comes to significant errors or omissions in a letter. It is therefore an extremely helpful tool, although often underestimated when it comes to <\/span><strong><span class=\"selected\">enforcement of judgments in other countries of the European Union<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"selected\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"selected\">If a foreign counterparty is delaying payment of an invoice or you are aware of the risk of insolvency of the company you are working with and would like to protect yourself against the lack of funds from the counterparty to cover your receivables - please contact us. We will be happy to support you in securing your interests and <\/span><strong><span class=\"selected\">recovery of debts from the EU<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"selected\">!<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udc49\u00a0<strong>Get in touch with us!<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>E-mail<\/strong>:\u00a0<a class=\"underline\" href=\"mailto:sekretariat@bktkancelaria.pl\">sekretariat@bktkancelaria.pl<\/a><br \/>\n<strong>Tel<\/strong>:\u00a0<a href=\"tel:+48606608089\">+48 606 608 089<\/a><br \/>\n<strong>Contact:<\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/bktkancelaria.pl\/en\/contact\/\">https:\/\/bktkancelaria.pl\/kontakt\/<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Europejski Tytu\u0142 Egzekucyjny (ETE) to kluczowe narz\u0119dzie w transgranicznej windykacji nale\u017cno\u015bci w Unii Europejskiej. Umo\u017cliwia on wierzycielom szybkie i efektywne odzyskiwanie d\u0142ug\u00f3w od d\u0142u\u017cnik\u00f3w przebywaj\u0105cych w innym pa\u0144stwie cz\u0142onkowskim, eliminuj\u0105c potrzeb\u0119 skomplikowanych i czasoch\u0142onnych procedur s\u0105dowych. Dzi\u0119ki ETE, orzeczenie, ugoda s\u0105dowa czy dokument urz\u0119dowy wydany w jednym kraju UE staje si\u0119 wykonalny w innym, bez [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":16541,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[96],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[241],"class_list":["post-16540","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-windykacja-naleznosci"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Europejski Tytu\u0142 Egzekucyjny (ETE): Skuteczna Windykacja Nale\u017cno\u015bci w UE bez zb\u0119dnych formalno\u015bci<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Europejski Tytu\u0142 Egzekucyjny (ETE) to kluczowe narz\u0119dzie w transgranicznej windykacji nale\u017cno\u015bci w Unii Europejskiej.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bktkancelaria.pl\/en\/european-enforcement-order-ete\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Europejski Tytu\u0142 Egzekucyjny (ETE): Skuteczna Windykacja Nale\u017cno\u015bci w UE bez zb\u0119dnych formalno\u015bci\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Europejski Tytu\u0142 Egzekucyjny (ETE) to kluczowe narz\u0119dzie w transgranicznej windykacji nale\u017cno\u015bci w Unii Europejskiej.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/bktkancelaria.pl\/en\/european-enforcement-order-ete\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Kancelaria Prawa Mi\u0119dzynarodowego - 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