{"id":19290,"date":"2026-05-18T09:49:27","date_gmt":"2026-05-18T07:49:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bktkancelaria.pl\/?p=19290"},"modified":"2026-05-11T10:09:26","modified_gmt":"2026-05-11T08:09:26","slug":"miedzynarodowa-ochrona-wlasnosci-intelektualnej-patenty-znaki-towarowe-i-wzory-przemyslowe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bktkancelaria.pl\/en\/international-intellectual-property-protection-patents-trade-marks-and-designs\/","title":{"rendered":"International protection of intellectual property - patents, trademarks and industrial designs"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>International protection of intellectual property<\/strong> is a system of legal instruments (patents, trademarks, industrial designs, copyrights) that protect a company's inventions, trade marks and works outside its country of establishment. In practice, it boils down to three paths: national registration in each individual country, regional registration (e.g. a European patent through the EPO or an EU trademark at the EUIPO) and international registration through the WIPO system (PCT, Madrid system, Hague system).<\/p>\n<p>For a Polish entrepreneur operating on foreign markets, the right choice of protection path determines whether he will have effective tools to enforce his rights in the event that a product is counterfeited, a brand is impersonated or an invention is copied. Below you will find an overview of the most important instruments, terms and novelties in IP law in 2026.<\/p>\n<h2>Why is international protection of intellectual property so important?<\/h2>\n<p>Protecting intellectual property abroad is economically, marketingly and legally important - it allows us to block counterfeits, claim damages and grant paid licences. Everyone has encountered so-called \u201ecounterfeits from China\u201d, which are usually of much lower quality. Impersonation of someone else's brand is illegal and has far-reaching economic consequences - not only for the brand itself, but also for companies trading in branded goods.<\/p>\n<p>When a manufacturer from another market impersonates an established brand and the counterparty (e.g. a distributor) does not notice or does not want to notice, the road to loss of customer confidence and reduced sales value is very short. Effective international IP protection gives the entrepreneur:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>exclusive use of the invention or sign in selected countries,<\/li>\n<li>the legal basis for demanding that the importation of counterfeit goods be stopped at the border (customs measures),<\/li>\n<li>the possibility of licensing for a fee and deriving revenue from IP rights,<\/li>\n<li>protecting the brand's reputation from dilution and unfair competition,<\/li>\n<li>evidentiary advantage in court and arbitration proceedings.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote><p><strong>Scale of the phenomenon in figures (WIPO data, 2024)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>According to the World Intellectual Property Indicators 2025 report issued by the World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO), in 2024, the number of global patent applications increased by 4.9% to reach a record 3.7 million and the number of active trademark registrations exceeded 93.2 million. The European Patent Office (EPO) accepted 199,402 patent applications in the same year.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2>International patents - protection of technical inventions<\/h2>\n<p>A patent is an exclusive right to an invention usually granted for 20 years, giving its owner a monopoly on making, using, offering and selling the invention. If you are an inventor, i.e. you have created a product or process that represents a new solution to a specific technical problem, you can obtain a patent for such an invention.<\/p>\n<p>This protection consists of a prohibition to make, use, distribute or sell the invention without the permission of the patent owner. The owner can decide who uses the invention - e.g. by granting a licence by contract. However, when the patent expires, the owner loses the right to decide on the use of the invention: it becomes part of the public domain and can be commercially exploited by others.<\/p>\n<h3>When a patent is not granted - exclusions from protection<\/h3>\n<p>A patent will not be granted for a solution that was already known to the public, is clearly derived from existing technical knowledge or is purely theoretical in nature. Patents are granted only for elements that are new, meet the requirement of inventive step and are suitable for industrial application. These concepts are clarified by industrial property law, which also provides an open catalogue of elements that are not considered inventions.<\/p>\n<p>Excluded from patent protection are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>the business idea or concept itself,<\/li>\n<li>mathematical methods and computer programmes as such,<\/li>\n<li>rules of the game and business methods,<\/li>\n<li>scientific discoveries and theories,<\/li>\n<li>creations of a purely aesthetic nature,<\/li>\n<li>solutions contrary to public policy or morality,<\/li>\n<li>certain treatments and diagnostics for humans or animals,<\/li>\n<li>plant varieties and animal breeds and specific biological solutions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In practice, this means that before filing an application, it is worth checking whether the solution has a real technical character, whether it has not been previously disclosed and whether its practical application can be demonstrated. Experts at BKT International Law Firm recommend that a so-called freedom-to-operate test be performed each time before the invention is first disclosed to potential investors or at trade fairs.<\/p>\n<h3>European patent issued by EPO - protection in 44 countries<\/h3>\n<p>A European patent is issued by the European Patent Office (EPO) in Munich on the basis of the Convention on the Grant of European Patents; protection can cover up to 44 countries, including all EU member states as well as associated and validation countries. Normally, national patent offices are used to obtain a patent, but in some cases countries create regional patents, valid in many countries simultaneously on the basis of international agreements.<\/p>\n<h3>European patent with unitary effect - novelty available from 2023.<\/h3>\n<p>The European patent with unitary effect is a new instrument available from June 2023, which automatically covers 18 European Union countries without the need for validation in each country individually. It is issued by the European Patent Office.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Currently, a patent with unitary effect is not in force in Poland<\/strong> - Poland does not participate in the unitary patent system. A gradual increase in the number of countries covered by it has been announced, but the classic validation of the European patent is still crucial for Polish right holders.<\/p>\n<h3>Validation of a European patent in Poland - deadline of 3 months<\/h3>\n<p>A European patent has effect in Poland only if Poland has been designated as a country of protection and validation has been carried out at the Polish Patent Office within 3 months of the publication of its grant by the EPO. <strong>This time limit cannot be restored<\/strong> - its failure to do so renders the patent ineffective in the territory of Poland.<\/p>\n<p>In practice, validation involves filing a translation of the European patent into Polish with the PPO. If a European patent has been validated correctly, it gives the owner protection in the territory of the Republic of Poland just like a national patent - the owner may prohibit others from, inter alia, making, using, offering, marketing or importing the solution covered by the patent.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong>Definition: Validation of a European patent<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Validation is the formal confirmation of the validity of a European patent in the chosen Member State. It consists in filing a translation of the patent (usually in the official language of the country) with the relevant national patent office within the time limit indicated by the EPC Convention - in Poland it is 3 months from the publication of the mention of the patent grant in the European Patent Bulletin.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2>International trade mark protection<\/h2>\n<p>A trade mark is a sign that distinguishes the goods or services of one trader from another - protected for a period of 10 years with the possibility of multiple renewals. Trade marks can be obtained to mark one's products or services, to have exclusive use of a particular mark and to be able to grant others permission to use it.<\/p>\n<p>The trade mark prevents unfair competition in marking products - other manufacturers cannot mark inferior products with someone else's marks. As a result, the trade mark owner can rest assured of its interests and the confidence of its customers.<\/p>\n<h3>What can be a trademark?<\/h3>\n<p>A trade mark can be not only a word sign, but also drawings, symbols, logos or product packaging. In some countries, trade mark protection can even apply:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>colours (e.g. Milka purple, Louboutin red sole),<\/li>\n<li>sounds (e.g. computer start-up sound, advertising jingle),<\/li>\n<li>odours (to a very narrow extent, due to the difficulty of proof),<\/li>\n<li>movement \/ animation (multimedia characters),<\/li>\n<li>holograms.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>EU trade mark (EUTM) - protection throughout the European Union<\/h3>\n<p>An EU trade mark provides uniform protection in all Member States of the European Union - it is obtained through a single application to the European Union Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO) based in Alicante. Such a mark is unitary in nature and has legal effect throughout the EU, which means that it cannot be obtained partially for certain countries.<\/p>\n<h3>International trade mark registration - the Madrid system (WIPO)<\/h3>\n<p>The Madrid system, administered by WIPO's International Bureau, makes it possible to obtain trade mark protection in up to 130 countries with a single application filed in English, French or Spanish. Once an international trade mark is registered, the procedure is handled directly by WIPO, without the need for a separate application in each of the countries designated by the applicant.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Prerequisite:<\/strong> a prior (or simultaneous) application for a trade mark in a national or regional (e.g. EU) system is required, which constitutes the so-called 'base mark'.<\/p>\n<h2>Comparison of international intellectual property protection regimes<\/h2>\n<p>The table below summarises the key parameters of the three main protection pathways - national, regional and international - for patents and trade marks:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Instrument<\/th>\n<th>Registration authority<\/th>\n<th>Protection range<\/th>\n<th>Period of protection<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>National patent (PL)<\/td>\n<td>Patent Office of the Republic of Poland<\/td>\n<td>Poland<\/td>\n<td>Up to 20 years<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>European patent<\/td>\n<td>EPO (Munich)<\/td>\n<td>up to 44 countries (after validation)<\/td>\n<td>Up to 20 years<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>European patent with unitary effect<\/td>\n<td>EPO (Munich)<\/td>\n<td>18 EU countries (excluding PL)<\/td>\n<td>Up to 20 years<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>PCT notification<\/td>\n<td>WIPO + national offices<\/td>\n<td>more than 150 countries<\/td>\n<td>up to 20 years (after the national phase)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>EU trademark (EUTM)<\/td>\n<td>EUIPO (Alicante)<\/td>\n<td>all EU countries<\/td>\n<td>10 years, renewable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>International trade mark<\/td>\n<td>WIPO - Madrid system<\/td>\n<td>up to 130 countries<\/td>\n<td>10 years, renewable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Licences - how to share rights with others?<\/h2>\n<p>A manufacturer with a registered patent or trademark may grant others the right to sell their products through licensing agreements - the primary way to monetise IP rights. However, it may happen that resellers introduce their own marks, rebrand, rebrand or simply mislabel products on e-commerce platforms (e.g. Amazon or Allegro).<\/p>\n<p>The topic of brand protection in international trade, including the obligations of the new GPSR regulations, is further described in the article <a href=\"https:\/\/bktkancelaria.pl\/en\/brand-protection-and-gpsr-implementation-guide-for-manufacturers-and-distributors\/\">Brand protection and GPSR implementation - A guide for manufacturers and distributors<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>Latest developments in intellectual property law<\/h2>\n<p>In terms of IP protection, there has been a significant expansion of digital design protection and a new repair clause has been introduced - these changes adapt European IP law to the realities of the digital economy and the aftermarket.<\/p>\n<h3>Extended digital design protection<\/h3>\n<p>Design protection now also extends to graphics, animations and user interfaces (UI) that have no material equivalent. This is intended to adapt the protection system to the evolving digital reality.<\/p>\n<h3>Design protection and digital files<\/h3>\n<p>The protection of an industrial design has been extended to include digital files that allow its reproduction - for example, a 3D printable model or computer software that allows the industrial design to be fixed. This means that a person who makes available on the internet an STL file that is a reproduction of a protected design may also infringe the owner's rights.<\/p>\n<h3>Repairs clause - fair competition in the spare parts market<\/h3>\n<p>The repair clause allows manufacturers and dealers to produce and sell spare parts used exclusively for the repair of complex products (e.g. cars), without infringing design protection. The aim is to avoid monopolisation of the spare parts market, to ensure fair competition and to limit artificial overpricing.<\/p>\n<h2>FAQ - Frequently asked questions on international IP protection<\/h2>\n<h3>How long does international patent protection last?<\/h3>\n<p>A patent - whether national, European or obtained through the PCT - protects an invention for a maximum of 20 years from the filing date. The condition for maintaining protection is the timely payment of periodic fees. Once the patent expires, the invention passes into the public domain.<\/p>\n<h3>Does a Polish patent apply abroad?<\/h3>\n<p>No. A national patent protects the invention only in the territory of the country in which it was granted. To obtain protection abroad, you need to file separate applications with national offices, use a regional patent (e.g. a European patent through the EPO) or launch the international PCT procedure through WIPO.<\/p>\n<h3>What is European patent validation and how long does it take?<\/h3>\n<p>Validation is the procedure of giving effect to a European patent in a selected Member State. In Poland, it consists in filing a translation of the patent into Polish with the Patent Office of the Republic of Poland within 3 months from the publication of the information on its grant by the EPO. The time limit cannot be restored.<\/p>\n<h3>Does the European patent with unitary effect apply in Poland?<\/h3>\n<p>No. Poland does not currently participate in the unitary patent system. The European patent with unitary effect automatically covers 18 EU countries, but not Poland. For protection in the territory of the Republic of Poland, it is still necessary to have a classic validation of the European patent at the EPO.<\/p>\n<h3>How many countries are covered by an international trade mark under the Madrid system?<\/h3>\n<p>The Madrid system administered by WIPO currently covers approximately 130 countries. Any of the countries belonging to the Madrid Agreement or Protocol can be designated in a single application. The application is subject to prior registration of the underlying mark with a national or regional office (e.g. EUIPO).<\/p>\n<h3>What is the difference between a patent and a trademark?<\/h3>\n<p>A patent protects a technical solution (invention) and grants a monopoly for a maximum of 20 years without the possibility of renewal. A trade mark protects a distinctive sign for goods or services (e.g. logo, name) for a period of 10 years with the possibility of multiple renewals, in practice indefinitely as long as the mark is used and fees are maintained.<\/p>\n<h3>Can computer programmes be patented?<\/h3>\n<p>Computer programs \u201eas such\u201d are excluded from patent protection. However, a technical solution implemented by means of software can be patented if it produces a technical effect beyond the mere execution of a program on a computer. Software is primarily protected by copyright.<\/p>\n<h2>Key findings<\/h2>\n<blockquote><p><strong>Highlights in a nutshell<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Three paths to IP protection abroad:<\/strong> national, regional (EPO, EUIPO) and international (WIPO - PCT, Madrid system, Hague system).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Patent<\/strong> protects a technical invention for a maximum of 20 years - without the possibility of renewal.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Trade mark<\/strong> protects the designation for 10 years with the possibility of multiple renewals.<\/li>\n<li><strong>European patent requires validation in Poland<\/strong> within a non-refundable period of 3 months after publication of the award in the EPO.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Patent with unitary effect does not apply in Poland<\/strong> - For protection in the Republic of Poland, the classic validation of a European patent is still crucial.<\/li>\n<li><strong>New rules<\/strong> extend design protection to graphics, animations and UI and digital files (e.g. 3D models); a repair clause for spare parts has been introduced.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h2>Need support in the international protection of intellectual property?<\/h2>\n<p>BKT International Law Firm specialises in supporting Polish entrepreneurs operating in foreign markets - in patent and trademark applications, validation of European patents in Poland, drafting of licence agreements and enforcement of IP rights in cross-border disputes.<\/p>\n<p>We will help you to smoothly go through all the formalities of protecting your products and brand in international markets.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Contact us for a professional consultation today:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/bktkancelaria.pl\/en\/online-legal-advice-2\/\">online legal advice<\/a>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mi\u0119dzynarodowa ochrona w\u0142asno\u015bci intelektualnej to system instrument\u00f3w prawnych (patenty, znaki towarowe, wzory przemys\u0142owe, prawa autorskie), kt\u00f3re chroni\u0105 wynalazki, oznaczenia handlowe i utwory firmy poza granicami kraju jej siedziby. W praktyce sprowadza si\u0119 do trzech \u015bcie\u017cek: rejestracji krajowej w ka\u017cdym pa\u0144stwie z osobna, rejestracji regionalnej (np. patent europejski przez EPO lub unijny znak towarowy w EUIPO) [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":19291,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[78],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[237],"class_list":["post-19290","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-prawo-handlowe-i-korporacyjne"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Mi\u0119dzynarodowa ochrona w\u0142asno\u015bci intelektualnej - patenty, znaki towarowe i wzory przemys\u0142owe - Kancelaria Prawa Mi\u0119dzynarodowego<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Mi\u0119dzynarodowa ochrona w\u0142asno\u015bci intelektualnej - patenty, znaki towarowe i wzory przemys\u0142owe przez EPO, EUIPO i WIPO.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bktkancelaria.pl\/en\/international-intellectual-property-protection-patents-trade-marks-and-designs\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Mi\u0119dzynarodowa ochrona w\u0142asno\u015bci intelektualnej - patenty, znaki towarowe i wzory przemys\u0142owe - Kancelaria Prawa Mi\u0119dzynarodowego\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Mi\u0119dzynarodowa ochrona w\u0142asno\u015bci intelektualnej - patenty, znaki towarowe i wzory przemys\u0142owe przez EPO, EUIPO i WIPO.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/bktkancelaria.pl\/en\/international-intellectual-property-protection-patents-trade-marks-and-designs\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Kancelaria Prawa Mi\u0119dzynarodowego - Profesjonalne wsparcie prawne w sprawach mi\u0119dzynarodowych.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bktkancelaria\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-05-18T07:49:27+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/bktkancelaria.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Miedzynarodowa-ochrona-wlasnosci-intelektualnej.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2752\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1536\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Beata Kielar-Tammert\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Beata Kielar-Tammert\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"12 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bktkancelaria.pl\\\/miedzynarodowa-ochrona-wlasnosci-intelektualnej-patenty-znaki-towarowe-i-wzory-przemyslowe\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bktkancelaria.pl\\\/miedzynarodowa-ochrona-wlasnosci-intelektualnej-patenty-znaki-towarowe-i-wzory-przemyslowe\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Beata Kielar-Tammert\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bktkancelaria.pl\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/56b74e17111342a98fe1eb3b62aeb411\"},\"headline\":\"Mi\u0119dzynarodowa ochrona w\u0142asno\u015bci intelektualnej &#8211; 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